1 Last login: Mon Jan  5 08:44:05 on ttys000
   2 odd% python
   3 Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36) 
   4 [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
   5 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
   6 >>> 
   7 odd% ipython
   8 Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36) 
   9 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  10 
  11 IPython 2.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
  12 ?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
  13 %quickref -> Quick reference.
  14 help      -> Python's own help system.
  15 object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
  16 
  17 In [1]: 
  18 Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)? 
  19 odd% python
  20 Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36) 
  21 [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
  22 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  23 >>> for i in xrange(5):
  24 ...  print i
  25 ... 
  26 0
  27 1
  28 2
  29 3
  30 4
  31 >>> 
  32 odd% 
  33 odd% ipython
  34 Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36) 
  35 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  36 
  37 IPython 2.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
  38 ?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
  39 %quickref -> Quick reference.
  40 help      -> Python's own help system.
  41 object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
  42 
  43 In [1]: for i in xrange(5):
  44    ...:     print i
  45    ...:     
  46 0
  47 1
  48 2
  49 3
  50 4
  51 
  52 In [2]: 1+1
  53 Out[2]: 2
  54 
  55 In [3]: 5*25
  56 Out[3]: 125
  57 
  58 In [4]: 2^3
  59 Out[4]: 1
  60 
  61 In [5]: 2**3
  62 Out[5]: 8
  63 
  64 In [6]: 2-5
  65 Out[6]: -3
  66 
  67 In [7]: 7/3
  68 Out[7]: 2
  69 
  70 In [8]: 7.0/3.0
  71 Out[8]: 2.3333333333333335
  72 
  73 In [9]: 7/3.0
  74 Out[9]: 2.3333333333333335
  75 
  76 In [10]: 2.0*(7/3)
  77 Out[10]: 4.0
  78 
  79 In [11]: 2.0*(7.0/3.0)
  80 Out[11]: 4.666666666666667
  81 
  82 In [12]: sqrt(16.0)
  83 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  84 NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
  85 <ipython-input-12-50fe1418fd25> in <module>()
  86 ----> 1 sqrt(16.0)
  87 
  88 NameError: name 'sqrt' is not defined
  89 
  90 In [13]: import math
  91 
  92 In [14]: math.sqrt(16.0)
  93 Out[14]: 4.0
  94 
  95 In [15]: math.sin(.5)
  96 Out[15]: 0.479425538604203
  97 
  98 In [16]: from math import *
  99 
 100 In [17]: sqrt(5)
 101 Out[17]: 2.23606797749979
 102 
 103 In [18]: sqrt(-1)
 104 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 105 ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 106 <ipython-input-18-e94865f03ce3> in <module>()
 107 ----> 1 sqrt(-1)
 108 
 109 ValueError: math domain error
 110 
 111 In [19]: import cmath
 112 
 113 In [20]: cmath.sqrt(-1)
 114 Out[20]: 1j
 115 
 116 In [21]: from cmath import *
 117 
 118 In [22]: sqrt(-1)
 119 Out[22]: 1j
 120 
 121 In [23]: import math
 122 
 123 In [24]: from math import *
 124 
 125 In [25]: import cmath
 126 
 127 In [26]: sqrt(-1)
 128 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 129 ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 130 <ipython-input-26-e94865f03ce3> in <module>()
 131 ----> 1 sqrt(-1)
 132 
 133 ValueError: math domain error
 134 
 135 In [27]: cmath.sqrt(-1)
 136 Out[27]: 1j
 137 
 138 In [28]: sin(.5)
 139 Out[28]: 0.479425538604203
 140 
 141 In [29]: sin=3
 142 
 143 In [30]: sin(.5)
 144 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 145 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 146 <ipython-input-30-14bb8bdb862a> in <module>()
 147 ----> 1 sin(.5)
 148 
 149 TypeError: 'int' object is not callable
 150 
 151 In [31]: and=5
 152   File "<ipython-input-31-730e631a28d2>", line 1
 153     and=5
 154       ^
 155 SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 156 
 157 
 158 In [32]: from math import *
 159 
 160 In [33]: sin(.5)
 161 Out[33]: 0.479425538604203
 162 
 163 In [34]: help(math)
 164 
 165 
 166 In [35]: 5
 167 Out[35]: 5
 168 
 169 In [36]: 5.0
 170 Out[36]: 5.0
 171 
 172 In [37]: "abcdef"
 173 Out[37]: 'abcdef'
 174 
 175 In [38]: 'abcdef'
 176 Out[38]: 'abcdef'
 177 
 178 In [39]: "I can't wake up today"
 179 Out[39]: "I can't wake up today"
 180 
 181 In [40]: 'I can't wake up today'
 182   File "<ipython-input-40-6f202aaa44ff>", line 1
 183     'I can't wake up today'
 184            ^
 185 SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 186 
 187 
 188 In [41]: """this is a test"""
 189 Out[41]: 'this is a test'
 190 
 191 In [42]: """this 
 192    ....: is 
 193    ....: a 
 194    ....: test
 195    ....: """
 196 Out[42]: 'this \nis \na \ntest\n'
 197 
 198 In [43]: print 'this \nis \na \ntest\n'
 199 this 
 200 is 
 201 a 
 202 test
 203 
 204 
 205 In [44]: 'this is a \ character'
 206 Out[44]: 'this is a \\ character'
 207 
 208 In [45]: 'this is a \\ character'
 209 Out[45]: 'this is a \\ character'
 210 
 211 In [46]: 'this is a \character'
 212 Out[46]: 'this is a \\character'
 213 
 214 In [47]: a=5
 215 
 216 In [48]: b=10
 217 
 218 In [49]: a+b
 219 Out[49]: 15
 220 
 221 In [50]: a="abc"
 222 
 223 In [51]: a
 224 Out[51]: 'abc'
 225 
 226 In [52]: abc="abc"
 227 
 228 In [53]: abc
 229 Out[53]: 'abc'
 230 
 231 In [54]: a1b="abc"
 232 
 233 In [55]: a1b
 234 Out[55]: 'abc'
 235 
 236 In [56]: list()
 237 Out[56]: []
 238 
 239 In [57]: list=5
 240 
 241 In [58]: list()
 242 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 243 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 244 <ipython-input-58-8b11f83c3293> in <module>()
 245 ----> 1 list()
 246 
 247 TypeError: 'int' object is not callable
 248 
 249 In [59]: 
 250 Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)? 
 251 odd% ipython
 252 Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36) 
 253 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 254 
 255 IPython 2.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
 256 ?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
 257 %quickref -> Quick reference.
 258 help      -> Python's own help system.
 259 object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
 260 
 261 In [1]: a="abc"
 262 
 263 In [2]: b="def"
 264 
 265 In [3]: a+b
 266 Out[3]: 'abcdef'
 267 
 268 In [4]: a*3
 269 Out[4]: 'abcabcabc'
 270 
 271 In [5]: a/3
 272 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 273 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 274 <ipython-input-5-6279089000d2> in <module>()
 275 ----> 1 a/3
 276 
 277 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'int'
 278 
 279 In [6]: a=[1,2,3,4]
 280 
 281 In [7]: a
 282 Out[7]: [1, 2, 3, 4]
 283 
 284 In [8]: a=["abc","def","ghi"]
 285 
 286 In [9]: a
 287 Out[9]: ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
 288 
 289 In [10]: a=["abc","def","ghi",1,2,3]
 290 
 291 In [11]: a
 292 Out[11]: ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 1, 2, 3]
 293 
 294 In [12]: a=(1,2,3)
 295 
 296 In [13]: a
 297 Out[13]: (1, 2, 3)
 298 
 299 In [14]: a=[1,2,3]
 300 
 301 In [15]: a=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
 302 
 303 In [16]: a[1]
 304 Out[16]: 2
 305 
 306 In [17]: a[0]
 307 Out[17]: 1
 308 
 309 In [18]: a[-1]
 310 Out[18]: 6
 311 
 312 In [19]: a[-3]
 313 Out[19]: 4
 314 
 315 In [20]: a[::2]
 316 Out[20]: [1, 3, 5]
 317 
 318 In [21]: a[1:3]
 319 Out[21]: [2, 3]
 320 
 321 In [22]: a[1:4]
 322 Out[22]: [2, 3, 4]
 323 
 324 In [23]: a[1:]
 325 Out[23]: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 326 
 327 In [24]: a[1:4:2]
 328 Out[24]: [2, 4]
 329 
 330 In [25]: a[1,-1]
 331 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 332 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 333 <ipython-input-25-351ba959ea83> in <module>()
 334 ----> 1 a[1,-1]
 335 
 336 TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple
 337 
 338 In [26]: a[1:-1]
 339 Out[26]: [2, 3, 4, 5]
 340 
 341 In [27]: a="alphabet soup"
 342 
 343 In [28]: a
 344 Out[28]: 'alphabet soup'
 345 
 346 In [29]: a[3:8]
 347 Out[29]: 'habet'
 348 
 349 In [30]: a[3:8:2]
 350 Out[30]: 'hbt'
 351 
 352 In [31]: b=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
 353 
 354 In [32]: b
 355 Out[32]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 356 
 357 In [33]: b[3]=22
 358 
 359 In [34]: b
 360 Out[34]: [1, 2, 3, 22, 5, 6]
 361 
 362 In [35]: b=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
 363 
 364 In [36]: b
 365 Out[36]: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
 366 
 367 In [37]: b[3]=22
 368 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 369 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 370 <ipython-input-37-bfb416c3a4e4> in <module>()
 371 ----> 1 b[3]=22
 372 
 373 TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
 374 
 375 In [38]: a="abcdef"
 376 
 377 In [39]: a[3]
 378 Out[39]: 'd'
 379 
 380 In [40]: a[3]="x"
 381 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 382 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 383 <ipython-input-40-5c1e8a533def> in <module>()
 384 ----> 1 a[3]="x"
 385 
 386 TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
 387 
 388 In [41]: a="abcdefg"
 389 
 390 In [42]: a
 391 Out[42]: 'abcdefg'
 392 
 393 In [43]: a.upper()
 394 Out[43]: 'ABCDEFG'
 395 
 396 In [44]: help(str)
 397 
 398 
 399 In [45]: a="abcdefabcdefabcdef"
 400 
 401 In [46]: a
 402 Out[46]: 'abcdefabcdefabcdef'
 403 
 404 In [47]: a.count("e")
 405 Out[47]: 3
 406 
 407 In [48]: a.count("ef")
 408 Out[48]: 3
 409 
 410 In [49]: a=[1,2,3,4]
 411 
 412 In [50]: a
 413 Out[50]: [1, 2, 3, 4]
 414 
 415 In [51]: a[2]=99
 416 
 417 In [52]: a
 418 Out[52]: [1, 2, 99, 4]
 419 
 420 In [53]: a[4]=111
 421 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 422 IndexError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 423 <ipython-input-53-3cbe51c5c516> in <module>()
 424 ----> 1 a[4]=111
 425 
 426 IndexError: list assignment index out of range
 427 
 428 In [54]: a.append(999)
 429 
 430 In [55]: a
 431 Out[55]: [1, 2, 99, 4, 999]
 432 
 433 In [56]: b=[1,2,3]
 434 
 435 In [57]: a+b
 436 Out[57]: [1, 2, 99, 4, 999, 1, 2, 3]
 437 
 438 In [58]: a.extend(b)
 439 
 440 In [59]: a
 441 Out[59]: [1, 2, 99, 4, 999, 1, 2, 3]
 442 
 443 In [60]: c=a+b
 444 
 445 In [61]: c
 446 Out[61]: [1, 2, 99, 4, 999, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 447 
 448 In [62]: c
 449 Out[62]: [1, 2, 99, 4, 999, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 450 
 451 In [63]: del c[2]
 452 
 453 In [64]: c
 454 Out[64]: [1, 2, 4, 999, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 455 
 456 In [65]: c.remove(999)
 457 
 458 In [66]: c
 459 Out[66]: [1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 460 
 461 In [67]: c.remove(1)
 462 
 463 In [68]: c
 464 Out[68]: [2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 465 
 466 In [69]: c.remove(999)
 467 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 468 ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 469 <ipython-input-69-9ab0cb1f0ef6> in <module>()
 470 ----> 1 c.remove(999)
 471 
 472 ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
 473 
 474 In [70]: c
 475 Out[70]: [2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 476 
 477 In [71]: c.index(3)
 478 Out[71]: 4
 479 
 480 In [72]: c.index(99)
 481 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 482 ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 483 <ipython-input-72-35c37840f870> in <module>()
 484 ----> 1 c.index(99)
 485 
 486 ValueError: 99 is not in list
 487 
 488 In [73]: c
 489 Out[73]: [2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
 490 
 491 In [74]: c.sort()
 492 
 493 In [75]: c
 494 Out[75]: [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]
 495 
 496 In [76]: a={1,3,4,5,8}
 497 
 498 In [77]: a
 499 Out[77]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8}
 500 
 501 In [78]: a={1,3,4,5,8,5,1,8}
 502 
 503 In [79]: a
 504 Out[79]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8}
 505 
 506 In [80]: b={3,4,5,1,8}
 507 
 508 In [81]: a==b
 509 Out[81]: True
 510 
 511 In [82]: a
 512 Out[82]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8}
 513 
 514 In [83]: b
 515 Out[83]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8}
 516 
 517 In [84]: b={3,4,9}
 518 
 519 In [85]: a
 520 Out[85]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8}
 521 
 522 In [86]: b
 523 Out[86]: {3, 4, 9}
 524 
 525 In [87]: a+b
 526 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 527 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 528 <ipython-input-87-f1d53b280433> in <module>()
 529 ----> 1 a+b
 530 
 531 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'set' and 'set'
 532 
 533 In [88]: a|b
 534 Out[88]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
 535 
 536 In [89]: a.union(b_
 537    ....: a.union(b)
 538    ....: 
 539 KeyboardInterrupt
 540 
 541 In [89]: a.union(b)
 542 Out[89]: {1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
 543 
 544 In [90]: a.intersection(b)
 545 Out[90]: {3, 4}
 546 
 547 In [91]: a={"a","bbb","ccccc"}
 548 
 549 In [92]: a
 550 Out[92]: {'a', 'bbb', 'ccccc'}
 551 
 552 In [93]: a="this is a test"
 553 
 554 In [94]: a
 555 Out[94]: 'this is a test'
 556 
 557 In [95]: b=set(a)
 558 
 559 In [96]: b
 560 Out[96]: {' ', 'a', 'e', 'h', 'i', 's', 't'}
 561 
 562 In [97]: a={1:"a",2:"b",3:"c",4:"d"}
 563 
 564 In [98]: a
 565 Out[98]: {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd'}
 566 
 567 In [99]: a[2]
 568 Out[99]: 'b'
 569 
 570 In [100]: a[7]
 571 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 572 KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
 573 <ipython-input-100-0a89b255b1fb> in <module>()
 574 ----> 1 a[7]
 575 
 576 KeyError: 7
 577 
 578 In [101]: a[2]
 579 Out[101]: 'b'
 580 
 581 In [102]: a[2]="X"
 582 
 583 In [103]: a[2]
 584 Out[103]: 'X'
 585 
 586 In [104]: a
 587 Out[104]: {1: 'a', 2: 'X', 3: 'c', 4: 'd'}
 588 
 589 In [105]: a[22]=99
 590 
 591 In [106]: a
 592 Out[106]: {1: 'a', 2: 'X', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 22: 99}
 593 
 594 In [107]: a[22]
 595 Out[107]: 99
 596 
 597 In [108]: a["xxx"]="abc"
 598 
 599 In [109]: a
 600 Out[109]: {1: 'a', 2: 'X', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 22: 99, 'xxx': 'abc'}
 601 
 602 In [110]: a["xxx"]
 603 Out[110]: 'abc'
 604 
 605 In [111]: a[(1,2,3)]="xyz"
 606 
 607 In [112]: a
 608 Out[112]: {1: 'a', 2: 'X', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 22: 99, 'xxx': 'abc', (1, 2, 3): 'xyz'}
 609 
 610 In [113]: a[(1,2,3)]
 611 Out[113]: 'xyz'
 612 
 613 In [114]: a[[1,2,3]]="aaa"
 614 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 615 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 616 <ipython-input-114-d5965815d2df> in <module>()
 617 ----> 1 a[[1,2,3]]="aaa"
 618 
 619 TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
 620 
 621 In [115]: b
 622 Out[115]: {' ', 'a', 'e', 'h', 'i', 's', 't'}
 623 
 624 In [116]: b=(1,2,3)
 625 
 626 In [117]: a[b]=99
 627 
 628 In [118]: a
 629 Out[118]: {1: 'a', 2: 'X', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 22: 99, 'xxx': 'abc', (1, 2, 3): 99}
 630 
 631 In [119]: b[1]=66
 632 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 633 TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 634 <ipython-input-119-5887a2c313f6> in <module>()
 635 ----> 1 b[1]=66
 636 
 637 TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
 638 
 639 In [120]: